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Scientific farming method of paddy

Paddy is an important cereal crop in our country. Paddy is cultivated in an area of 7.5 to 8 lakh hectares in our state. 60 percent of the world’s total population uses it for food. Paddy husk is used for oil extraction and fodder for cattle. While straw is used for cattle bedding, packing, making ropes and mats. To get more paddy production, it is essential to plant varieties recommended by the Agricultural University. It is very important to keep the following points in mind for ideal paddy production and scientific farming methods.

Key Benefits

Land Selection: Choose flat and well-drained farm land. Avoid saline/ash soil and uneven lowland farm land.
Early maturing varieties: These varieties are ready in 80 to 100 days.
Medium late maturing varieties: These varieties are ready in 115 to 120 days.
Late maturing varieties: These varieties are ready in 130 to 140 days.
Seed rate: For planting one hectare, 20-25 kg/ha of recommended variety is required. Healthy, plump, large sized seeds are required. For Ochal paddy, 50 kg/ha and for hybrid varieties, 10 to 15 kg/ha of seeds are required.

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Homesteading:

Choose a flat land with good irrigation facilities and drainage system.
For planting one hectare (100 guntha), prepare a dharuvadia in an area of 1000 sq.m. (10 guntha).
In heavy black soil, make a cushion while in light sandy soil, make flat 10 m × 1 m plots.
For one plot, apply 20 kg. well-rotted manure + 1 kg. Diwali powder + 250 gm ammonium sulphate + 500 gm single super phosphate at the base, while 15 days after sowing, apply 250 gm ammonium sulphate as supplementary fertilizer per plot.
Keep the dharuvadia moist by irrigating it as needed.
Take timely crop protection measures for weed and pest control.
When iron deficiency is observed due to the presence of salts, the entire plant becomes pale yellow. This is called ‘Kolat’. To control it, it is necessary to fill it with water two to three times and drain it.
If necessary, take 40 grams of ferrous sulfate and 20 grams of quicklime and make a solution of 10 liters of water and spray it and give an additional dose of 250 grams of ammonium sulfate per square meter.
Take special care to ensure that there is no waterlogging in the Dharuvadicha.

Sowing time:

Monsoon: First fortnight of June.

Summer: Last week of October to second week of November.

Timely sowing and transplanting do not cause problems of diseases and pests.

Replanting time:

Monsoon: First fortnight of July (25 to 30 days of planting)

Summer: First fortnight of February (50 to 55 days of planting)

Land preparation for replanting:

15 days before planting, apply 10 tons of manure per hectare to the soil or do green manure of jute or sorghum, for which jute seed rate of 100 or jute seed rate of 50 kg/ha should be kept as per.
Green manure adds 50-60 kg. of nitrogen to the soil.
Ditch the well-ploughed field twice.
Level the soil by tilling to maintain an even water level in the entire field.
Apply compost before tilling.

Planting:

Spacing: 30-35 seedlings per square meter.
Haram planting: 20 cm × 15 cm. Plant two seedlings per hole.
Village irrigation: Irrigation as needed during light rains.

Fertilizer:

In transplanted paddy crop, the following chemical fertilizers are recommended according to the ripening time of the varieties.

For early maturing varieties, 80 kg./ha.
For medium late maturing varieties, 100 kg./ha.
For late maturing varieties, 120 kg./ha.

Nitrogen element is recommended to be given. Out of which 40% nitrogen should be given in the base, 40% nitrogen at the time of planting and the remaining 20% nitrogen should be given at the time of sowing.

For nitrogen-containing fertilizers, either urea or ammonium sulphate should be used.

Sr. No.	Ripening Variety	Type of Fertilizer	At the Base	Foot Time	When the Soul Falls	Total Fertilizer
1	For Early Maturing Varieties (90-100 Days)	Ammonium Sulphate	152	152	76	380
1	For Early Maturing Varieties (90-100 Days)	Urea	70	70	35	175
2	For Medium Late Maturing Varieties (115-120 Days)	Ammonium Sulphate	190	190	95	475
2	For Medium Late Maturing Varieties (115-120 Days)	Urea	87	87	43	217
3	For Late Ripening Varieties (130-140 Days)	Ammonium Sulphate	229	229	114	571
3	For Late Ripening Varieties (130-140 Days)	Urea	104	104	52	260

Direct sowing method:

It is the recommended method for both central and southern Gujarat.

For small seeded varieties, 50 kg per hectare and for large seeded varieties, 60 kg per hectare.
The germinated seeds are harrowed and leveled by an experienced person on the ground.
Or they are sown in lines at a distance of 22.5 cm.
Which saves the labor cost of raising the pole and planting.

Organic fertilizer use:

Within three to four days of planting, mix 10 kg of well-rotted, sieved cow dung manure with Azetobacter and Phosphobacterium (PSB) at the rate of 1 liter/hectare each and spread evenly.

Based on research results, it is recommended to give 30 kg of phosphorus to the paddy crop in South Gujarat, i.e. 65 kg DAP or 187 kg SSP per hectare.

The entire amount of phosphorus-containing fertilizers + the first installment of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and if there is zinc deficiency in the soil, 25 kg of zinc sulfate should be given to the soil at the time of planting.

In the soils of Gujarat, there is no recommendation to give it, except for the main nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potash, microelements like iron, zinc, manganese, calcium, copper and boron etc. are also required in very small quantities.

Moreover, now the benefit of silicon element has also been found in paddy, for this it is also necessary to give organic fertilizers in the field.

Weed Control:

In the garden:

On the second day of sowing, apply Butachlor or Benthiocarb at 125 to 150 grams of active ingredient in 50 to 60 liters of water in 10 acres of land and apply it 3-7 days after sowing or Pendimethalin 30 EC at 1.0 kg. of active ingredient/ha.

In the field:

Mechanical weed control is very useful in line-planted paddy as it is economically affordable.

In mechanical method, weed control with Japanese paddy weeder destroys weeds, increases air circulation in the soil and increases the number of plants due to root pruning.

Herbicides are more economical than manual weeding. For this, any of the following herbicides should be applied four days after planting, mixed with sand, when there is standing water in the field and then wiped off.

Weed killers:

Butachlor (1.5 kg. S.T./hectare)
Anilophos (04 kg. S.T./hectare)
Pendimethylene (1.5 kg. S.T./hectare)
Pritila Color (0.8 kg. S.T./hectare)

For weed management in standing paddy crop, spray:

Bispyribac Sodium 10% S.C. NO 20 gm S.T./He According at 20 to 25 days interval.

Harvesting and storage:

Depending on the days of paddy ripening, harvesting with green stalks when the grains turn yellow and mature gives more rice yield. Paddy grains are less damaged. As a result, there is less wastage.

After threshing, the paddy should be dried and stored so that 8 to 10 percent moisture remains.